The discovery of two distinct reservoirs of latent HIV in patients has presented another challenge to the development of a successful cure for HIV.
The first reservoir, known as the nonintegrated latent reservoir, is comprised of viral genomes that are not incorporated into the host cell’s genetic material. These genomes can remain dormant in cells for long periods of time and serve as a source of HIV reactivation. The second reservoir, known as the integrated latent reservoir, comprises of viral genomes that have been inserted into the host cell’s genome. This type of reservoir is highly stable, which means that it is particularly difficult to completely eradicate and is a major barrier to the development of an effective cure.
The presence of these two distinct reservoirs of latent HIV in patients has necessitated a more comprehensive approach to HIV therapy. To effectively treat HIV, both reservoirs must be addressed. In addition, novel strategies must be developed that target both reservoirs simultaneously.
Research into these latent reservoirs of HIV is ongoing and is expected to continue for many years. In the meantime, scientists will need to focus on the development of innovative therapies that are able to target both reservoirs of latent HIV effectively. Only then, will a successful cure for HIV be within our reach.